What is the degree of variability in formal training for pediatric orthopedic surgeons performing scoliosis surgery? / ¿Cuál es el grado de variabilidad en la educación formal de los cirujanos ortopédicos pediátricos que realizan intervenciones quirúrgicas de escoliosis?

Abstract: Introduction: although pediatric orthopedic surgeons worldwide perform scoliosis surgery, the training received is variable and poorly understood. By surveying the European Pediatric Orthopedic Society (EPOS) and the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI), we aim to characterize this variability. Material and methods: in 2021, we distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to EPOS and SLAOTI. Results: 43% EPOS and 22% SLAOTI perform scoliosis procedures (p < 0.05). 18% EPOS and 2% SLAOTI performed > 35 procedures annually (p < 0.05). 70% EPOS and 27% SLAOTI received formal training in spinal deformity surgery (p < 0.005). Conclusions: results show significant differences in training and performance of scoliosis procedures between societies.

Resumen: Introducción: aunque muchos cirujanos ortopédicos pediátricos alrededor del mundo realizan cirugías para la escoliosis, el entrenamiento es variable y poco conocido. A través de encuestar a la Sociedad Europea de Ortopedia Pediátrica (EPOS) y a la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI) queremos caracterizar esta variabilidad. Material y métodos: distribuimos un cuestionario anónimo en 2021 a los miembros de EPOS y SLAOTI. Resultados: realizan las cirugías de escoliosis 43% de EPOS, en comparación con 22% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 18% de EPOS realizó > 35 cirugías al año, en comparación con 2% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 70% de EPOS y 27% de SLAOTI recibieron capacitación formal en cirugía de deformidades de la columna (p < 0.005). Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio subrayan las diferencias en el entrenamiento de las cirugías de escoliosis entre diferentes sociedades.

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - An Uncommon Complication After Surgical Corrections of Spinal Deformities / Síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior - Uma complicação incomum após correções cirúrgicas de deformidades da coluna

Abstract Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

Resumo A compressão vascular da terceira parte do duodeno pela artéria mesentérica superior resulta no desenvolvimento de uma condição incomum de oclusão do trânsito duodenal conhecida como síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior. Este fenômeno pode acontecer após cirurgias de correção de deformidades da coluna, e sua taxa de ocorrência é de 0,5 a 4,7% dos casos. Isso ocorre em virtude da alteração do posicionamento do ponto de emergência da artéria, decorrente da mudança do comprimento do tronco após a cirurgia, e está associado a fatores de risco, como baixo índice de massa corpórea e perda ponderal. Os pacientes costumam se apresentar com um quadro de oclusão intestinal, com dor abdominal, náusea, vômito bilioso e saciedade precoce. O reconhecimento desta condição é importante para instituir o tratamento adequado, que varia do tratamento clínico, com sondagem e descompressão gástrica associados a suporte nutricional; à necessidade de abordagem cirúrgica. Complicações secundárias relacionadas à síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior incluem: recuperação cirúrgica e nutricional retardadas, problemas com a cicatrização e hospitalização prolongada. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior, ocorrido em um paciente com escoliose neuromuscular secundária a sequela de mielite transversa, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico da deformidade da coluna.

Multilevel Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined with Posterior Stabilization in Lumbar Disc Disease- Prospective Analysis of Clinical and Functional Outcomes / Artrodese lombar intersomática anterior multinível combinada com estabilização posterior em discopatia-Análise clínico-funcional prospectiva

Abstract Objective This was a prospective controlled study with lumbar degenerative disc disease patients submitted to instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) combined with posterior stabilization. Methods A sample with 64 consecutive patients was operated by the same surgeons over 4 years. Half of the ALIFs occurred at 2 levels, 43.8% at 3 levels, and 6.25% at 1 level. Interbody cages with integrated screws, filled with bone matrix and bone morphogenetic protein 2, were used. Results Half of the patients had undergone previous lumbar spine surgeries, 75% presented with associated degenerative listhesis, and 62.5% had posterior lumbar compression disease. Approximately 56% of the sample had at least 1 risk factor for nonunion. The Oswestry index changed from 71.81 ± 7.22 at the preoperative assessment to 24.75 ± 7.82 at the final follow-up evaluation, while the visual analogue pain scale changed from 7.88 ± 0.70 to 2.44 ± 0.87 (p < 0.001). Clinical and functional improvements increased with the number of operated levels, proving the efficacy of multilevel ALIF, performed in 93.75% of the sample. The global complication rate was of 7.82%, with no major complications. No cases of nonunion were observed. Conclusion Instrumented ALIF combined with posterior stabilization is a successful option for uni- and multilevel degenerative disc disease of the L3 to S1 segments, even in the significant presence of risk factors for nonunion and of previous lumbar surgeries, assuring very satisfactory clinical-functional and radiographic outcomes with a low medium-term complication rate.

Resumo Objetivo Estudo prospectivo controlado em pacientes com discopatia degenerativa submetidos a artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior. Métodos Amostra com64 pacientes consecutivos operados pelos mesmos cirurgiões ao longo de quatro anos. Metade das artrodeses intersomática lombar anterior foi efetuada emdois níveis, 43,8% emtrês níveis e 6,25% emumnível. Foramusadas caixas intersomáticas com parafusos integrados preenchidas com matriz óssea e proteína morfogenética óssea 2. Resultados Metade da amostra apresentava cirurgias prévias à coluna lombar, 75% listeses degenerativas associadas e 62,5% patologia compressiva posterior da coluna lombar. Aproximadamente 56% da amostra apresentavam pelo menos um fator de risco de não união da artrodese. O índice Oswestry passou de 71,81 ± 7,22 no pré-operatório para 24,75 ± 7,82 na avaliação no fimdo tempo de seguimento, enquanto a escala visual analógica da dor passou de 7,88 ± 0,70 para 2,44 ± 0,87 (p < 0,001). Amelhoria clínicofuncional foi crescente de acordo com a intervenção num número superior de níveis, o que comprova a eficácia da artrodese intersomática lombar anterior multinível, aplicada em 93,75% da amostra. Ataxa global de complicações foi de 7,82% e de complicaçõesmajor de 0%. Não se identificou qualquer caso de não união. Conclusão A artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior é uma opção de sucesso na discopatia degenerativa uni ou multinível dos segmentos de L3 a S1, mesmo empresença significativa de fatores de

Alternative to the inverted "y" incision in scoliosis secondary to myelomeningocele / Alternativa à incisão em "y" invertido para escoliose secundária para mielomeningocele / Alternativa a la incisión en "y" invertido en escoliosis secundaria a mielomeningocele

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the healing of the modified inverted "Y" incision in patients with scoliosis due to myelomeningocele. Methods: Retrospective study through medical records review of patients with myelomeningocele surgically treated with a modified inverted "Y" approach between January 2013 and December 2015. Results: We analyzed the medical records of six patients. Two patients progressed with skin complications in the immediate postoperative period and only one of them required surgical intervention for debridement and suturing. In another patient, it was necessary to perform two surgical reviews due to material failure without skin complications in these interventions. Conclusions: The modified inverted "Y" technique is a great alternative to traditional incision and inverted "Y" because it has good results in patients with spina bifida associated with poor skin conditions treated surgically for correction of spinal deformities. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a cicatrização da modificação da incisão em "Y" invertido em pacientes com escoliose decorrente de mielomeningocele. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, mediante revisão de prontuários dos pacientes portadores de mielomeningocele, tratados cirurgicamente por um acesso cirúrgico modificado do "Y" invertido, entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Foram analisados os prontuários de seis pacientes. Dois pacientes evoluíram com complicações de pele no pós-operatório imediato, apenas em um deles foi necessária intervenção cirúrgica para debridamento e sutura. Em outro paciente foi necessário realizar duas revisões cirúrgicas, devido a quebra do material, sem ocorrer complicações de pele em todas as abordagens. Conclusão: A variação da técnica em "Y" invertido é uma ótima alternativa à incisão tradicional e ao "Y" invertido, por apresentar bons resultados em pacientes com espinha bífida associada às condições de pele ruins, tratados cirurgicamente para correção de deformidades da coluna vertebral. Nível de evidência IV; Série de casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la cicatrización de la incisión en "Y" invertida modificada en pacientes con escoliosis derivada de mielomeningocele. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de registros médicos de pacientes con mielomeningocele tratados quirúrgicamente por acceso quirúrgico en "Y" invertida modificada entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015. Resultados: Se analizaron los registros médicos de seis pacientes. Dos pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones de piel en el postoperatorio inmediato y sólo en uno de ellos fue necesaria intervención quirúrgica para desbridamiento y sutura. En otro paciente fue necesario realizar dos revisiones quirúrgicas debido al quiebre del material, sin que ocurrieran complicaciones cutáneas en esas intervenciones. Conclusiones: La técnica en "Y" invertida modificada es una excelente alternativa a la incisión tradicional y la "Y" invertida por demostrar buenos resultados en pacientes con espina bífida asociada a malas condiciones cutáneas tratados quirúrgicamente para corrección de deformidades de la columna vertebral. Nivel de evidencia IV; Serie de casos.

Experiências de adolescentes e suas famílias a curto prazo após cirurgia para correção de escoliose / Experiencias de adolescentes y sus familias a corto plazo después de cirugía para corrección de escoliosis / Experiences of adolescents and their families in the short-term after scoliosis surgery

Resumo Objetivo O estudo foi realizado para revelar vivências de adolescentes e suas famílias a curto prazo após a cirurgia para correção de escoliose. Métodos Este estudo teve um delineamento descritivo qualitativo, e os dados foram coletados de adolescentes com história de cirurgia para correção de escoliose (n=17) e seus familiares (n=9), através de entrevistas em profundidade. Os dados assim obtidos foram analisados usando análise de conteúdo. Resultados Surgiram cinco temas principais: queixas físicas, ambiente desconhecido (centro cirúrgico e unidade de terapia intensiva), mudanças emocionais, querendo que seus pais fiquem com eles e preocupações com o futuro. Tanto os adolescentes como seus familiares relataram que os adolescentes experimentaram não só problemas físicos e emocionais mas também preocupações com o futuro após a cirurgia. Conclusão Os enfermeiros devem ficar junto com os adolescentes e suas famílias e permitir que eles expressem seus sentimentos antes da cirurgia. É importante informá-los antes da cirurgia para aliviar sua ansiedade e melhorar a adaptação. Criar um ambiente adequado em salas de recuperação e unidades de terapia intensiva, onde os adolescentes podem frequentemente ver seus pais, pode ajudá-los a ter um psiquismo melhor. Além disso, programas educacionais devem ser propostos para serem oferecidos no momento da alta e métodos interativos devem ser usados para permitir que eles compartilhem seus pensamentos sobre o futuro.

Resumen Objetivo Este estudio se realizó para revelar experiencias de adolescentes y sus familias a corto plazo después de la cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis. Métodos Este estudio tuvo un delineamiento descriptivo cualitativo y se recogieron datos de adolescentes con histórico de cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis (n = 17) y sus familiares (n = 9), a través de entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido. Resultados Surgieron cinco temas principales: quejas físicas, entorno desconocido (la sala de operaciones y la unidad de terapia intensiva), cambios emocionales, queriendo que sus padres se queden con ellos y preocupaciones por el futuro. Tanto los adolescentes como sus familiares relataron que los adolescentes experimentaron no solo problemas físicos y emocionales como también preocupaciones con el futuro después de la cirugía. Conclusión Los enfermeros deben acompañar a los adolescentes y sus familias y permitirles que expresen sus sentimientos antes de la cirugía. Es importante mantenerlos informados antes de la cirugía para aliviar su ansiedad y mejorar la adaptación. Crear un ambiente adecuado en salas de recuperación y unidades de terapia intensiva, donde los adolescentes puedan ver a sus padres a menudo, puede ayudarlos a tener una psique mejor. Además, los programas educativos deben ser propuestos para ser ofrecidos en el momento del alta y los métodos interactivos se deben utilizar para permitir que compartan sus pensamientos sobre el futuro.

Abstract Objective The study was performed to reveal experiences of adolescents and their families in the short-term after scoliosis surgery. Methods This study had a qualitative descriptive design, and data were collected from adolescents with scoliosis surgery (n=17) and their family members (n=9) at in-depth interviews. Obtained data were analysed with content analysis. Results Five main themes emerged: physical complaints, unfamiliar environment (operating room and intensive care unit), emotional changes, wanting their parents to stay with them and worries about future. Both the adolescents and their families reported that the adolescents experienced not only physical and emotional problems but also worries about their future after surgery. Conclusion Nurses should meet the adolescents and their families and allow them to express their feelings before surgery. Informing them before surgery is important in terms of relieving their anxiety and enhancing their adaptation. Creating an appropriate environment in recovery rooms and intensive care units where the adolescents can frequently see their parents may help them have better psychology. In addition, education programs that will be offered at discharge should be designed and interactive methods should be used to allow them to share their thoughts about their future.

Correction of severe stiff scoliosis through extrapleural interbody release and osteotomy (liepo) / Correção de escoliose rígida grave por liberação e osteotomia intersomática extrapleural (liepo) / Corrección de escoliosis rígida grave por liberación y osteotomía intersomática extrapleural (liepo)

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a new technique for extrapleural interbody release with transcorporal osteotomy of the inferior vertebral plateau (LIEPO) and to evaluate the correction potential of this technique and its complications. Method: We included patients with scoliosis with Cobb angle greater than 90° and flexibility less than 25% submitted to surgical treatment between 2012 and 2016 by the technique LIEPO at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO). Sagittal and coronal alignment, and the translation of the apical vertebra were measured and the degree of correction of the deformity was calculated through the pre and postoperative radiographs, and the complications were described. Results: Patients had an average bleed of 1,525 ml, 8.8 hours of surgical time, 123° of scoliosis in the preoperative period, and a mean correction of 66%. There was no case of permanent neurological damage and no surgical revision. Conclusion: The LIEPO technique proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of severe stiff scoliosis, reaching a correction potential close to the PEISR (Posterior extrapleural intervertebral space release) technique and superior to that of the pVCR (posterior Vertebral Column Resection) with no presence of infection and permanent neurological deficit. New studies are needed to validate this promising technique.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar uma nova técnica de liberação intersomática extrapleural associada a osteotomia transcorporal do platô vertebral inferior (LIEPO) e avaliar o potencial de correção dessa técnica e suas complicações. Método: Foram incluídos pacientes com escoliose com ângulo de Cobb maior que 90° e flexibilidade menor que 25%, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico entre 2012 e 2016 pela técnica LIEPO, no Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (INTO). Foram aferidos alinhamento sagital, coronal e a translação da vértebra apical e calculou-se o grau de correção da deformidade através das radiografias pré e pós-operatórias, sendo descritas as complicações encontradas. Resultado: Os pacientes tiveram média de sangramento de 1.525 ml, 8,8 horas de tempo cirúrgico, 123° de escoliose no pré-operatório e média de correção de 66%. Não houve caso de lesão neurológica permanente e nenhuma revisão cirúrgica. Conclusão: A técnica LIEPO mostrou-se eficaz e segura no tratamento de escoliose rígida grave, atingindo um potencial de correção próximo ao da técnica PEISR ("Posterior Extrapleural Intervertebral Space Release") e superior ao da RCVp (Ressecção de Coluna Vertebral via posterior) sem presença de infecção e déficit neurológico permanente. Novos estudos são necessários para a validação dessa técnica promissora.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reportar una nueva técnica de liberación intersomática extrapleural asociada a la osteotomía transcorporal de la meseta vertebral inferior (LIEPO) y evaluar el potencial de corrección de esta técnica y sus complicaciones. Método: Se incluyeron pacientes con escoliosis con ángulo de Cobb superior a 90° y flexibilidad inferior al 25%, sometidos al tratamiento quirúrgico entre 2012 y 2016 por la técnica LIEPO, en el Instituto Nacional de Traumatología y Ortopedia (INTO). Se evaluaron la alineación sagital y coronal y la translación de la vértebra apical y se calculó el grado de corrección de la deformidad a través de las radiografías pre y postoperatorias, siendo descritas las complicaciones encontradas. Resultado: Los pacientes tuvieron media de sangrado de 1.525 ml, 8,8 horas de tiempo quirúrgico, 123° de escoliosis en el preoperatorio y promedio de corrección del 66%. No hubo casos de lesión neurológica permanente y ninguna revisión quirúrgica. Conclusión: La técnica LIEPO se mostró eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de la escoliosis rígida grave, alcanzando un potencial de corrección cercano al de la técnica PEISR ("Posterior extrapleural intervertebral space release") y superior al de la RCVp (Resección de columna vertebral vía posterior); sin presencia de infección y déficit neurológico permanente. Se necesitan nuevos estudios para validar esta técnica prometedora.

Perioperative blood management of patientswith Marfan syndrome undergoing scoliosis surgery / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the anesthesia and perioperative blood management of patients with Marfan syndrome (MS) undergoing scoliosis surgery.Methods The clinical data of MS patients underwent scoliosis surgery from January 2013 to December 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were collected and compared with patients received the same surgery but without MS.Perioperative information and data on anesthesia and blood management were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,MS patients were found with more preoperative comorbidities with statistical significance,including eye disease,echocardiographic abnormalities,and ventilatory defects.MS patients had significantly more blood loss,more intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic and autologous blood transfusion.The operation time,anesthesia time,and length of postoperative hospital stay were all significantly longer in MS patients.Conclusions MS patients are common with multi-system involvement and comorbidities.Considering the high risk of perioperative bleeding,the anesthesia and blood management for MS patients undergoing scoliosis surgery should be with extra caution.Blood management should be applied and appropriate invasive monitoring methods should be considered when necessary.

Quality of life in patients submitted to surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life, using the SF-36, in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who un-derwent surgery for deformity correction, comparing the results in the pre-and post-operative period.METHODS: We evaluated 29 patients, 24 female, mean age 14.5 years, all patients had measurement of Cobb angle greater than 50º, and responded to the SF-36 questionnaire preope-ratively and on average two years after surgery.RESULTS: There was improvement in all eight domains studied by the SF-36 after surgical treatment, with statistically significant improvement of the domains functional capacity physical aspects, pain and general state. Vitality and mental heal-th were those with the lowest percentage of improvement postoperatively.CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of defor-mity in all AIS improved the functional aspects assessed by the SF-36, representing, in practice, better quality of life for these patients. Evidence Level II, Prospective Study.

Use of tranexamic acid for controlling bleeding in thoracolumbar scoliosis surgery with posterior instrumentation / Uso do ácido tranexâmico no controle do sangramento em cirurgias de escoliose toracolombar com instrumentação posterior

OBJECTIVE: Scoliosis surgery involves major blood loss and frequently requires blood transfusion. The cost and risks involved in using allogeneic blood have motivated investigation of methods capable of reducing patients' bleeding during operations. One of these methods is to use antifibrinolytic drugs, and tranexamic acid is among these. The aim of this study was to assess the use of this drug for controlling bleeding in surgery to treat idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which the medical files of 40 patients who underwent thoracolumbar arthrodesis by means of a posterior route were analyzed. Of these cases, 21 used tranexamic acid and were placed in the test group. The others were placed in the control group. The mean volumes of bleeding during and after the operation and the need for blood transfusion were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The group that used tranexamic acid had significantly less bleeding during the operation than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding postoperative bleeding and the need for blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding during the operation, as demonstrated in other studies. The correlation between its use and the reduction in the need for blood transfusion is multifactorial and could not be established in this study. We believe that tranexamic acid may be a useful resource and that it deserves greater attention in randomized double-blind prospective series, with proper control over variables that directly influence blood loss. .

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia de escoliose envolve elevada perda sanguínea e necessita frequentemente de hemotransfusão. O custo e os riscos envolvidos no uso do sangue alogênico têm motivado pesquisas de métodos capazes de reduzir o sangramento operatório nos pacientes. Um desses métodos é o uso de drogas antifibrinolíticas, entre as quais está o ácido tranexâmico (ATX). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o uso dessa droga no controle do sangramento em cirurgias de escoliose idiopática. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo no qual foram analisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes submetidos à artrodese toracolombar por via posterior. Desses, apenas 21 usaram o ATX e foram relacionados no grupo teste. Os demais foram relacionados no grupo controle. Foram comparadas as médias de sangramento per e pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: O grupo que usou o ATX teve sangramento peroperatório significativamente menor do que o grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para o sangramento pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão. CONCLUSÕES: O ATX foi eficaz na redução do sangramento peroperatório, conforme demostrado em outros estudos. A correlação entre o seu uso e a redução da necessidade de hemotransfusão é multifatorial e não pôde ser estabelecida neste trabalho. Acreditamos que o ácido tranexâmico possa ser um recurso útil e merece maior atenção em séries prospectivas, duplo-cegas, randomizadas, com o devido controle das variáveis que interferem diretamente na perda sanguínea. .

Effect of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and awareness in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under propofol sufentanil anesthesia / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate effect of dexmedetomidine on safety,validity and superiority in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under propofol sufentanil anesthesia.Methods Forty patients undcrgoing elective posterior scoliosis surgery were randomly divided into groups D and C (n =10 each).Dexmedetomidine 0.8 μg/kg followed by 0.2 μg/(kg · h) and equal volume were infused at the 10 min before anesthesia induction in two groups,respectively.Hemodynamic parameters were observed at the 10 min before anesthesia induction (T1),3 min (T2) after anesthesia induction,1 min (T3) after intubation,at the beginning of wake-up test (T4),at the end of the test (T5),and 6 min (T6) after deepen anesthesia,respectively.Meanwhile the wake-up time,hemodynamic parameters,success rate of arousal,incidence agitation,and the bleeding volume during the test were also recorded.Results Successive rate of arousal awakening time between two groups had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Less incidence of agitation was found in group D compared to group C (P ＜ 0.05).The bleeding volume during the test was significantly less in group D (P ＜ 0.05).The hemodynamics was more smoothly during the operation in group D compared to group C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Dexmedetomidine auxiliary propofol and sufentanil anesthesia can effectively implement intraoperative wake-up,reduce the amount of bleeding,and the incidence of agitation during the wake-up.The hemodynamics was more smoothly.

Comparative study of propofol combined with sufentanil or remifentanil in wake-up test during scoliosis surgery / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the influence of propofol combined with sufentanil or remifentanil on the quality of wake-up during scoliosis surgery by wake-up test.Methods Fifty pa-tients undergoing scoliosis surgery were randomized into two groups.During the surgery,propofol combined with sufentanily 0.3-0.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 (group SF)or remifentanil 0.2-0.3 μg·kg-1·min-1 (group RF)were continuously infused to maintain anesthesia,and BIS was maintained at 40-60.In wake-up test,the infusion of sufentanyl in group SF was paused and,the infusion rate of remifentanil in group RF was adjusted to 0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1 until the patient completed the wake-up test under instruction.The time that spontaneous breathing occurred,body movement was detected and the capa-bility to follow instructions in both two groups were recorded.MAP,HR,PET CO2 were measured at the time 10 min after medication adjustment (T1 ),waking up(T2 )and 10 min after waking up (T3 ), respectively,in both two groups.Wake-up quality was also recorded.Results The time that sponta-neous breathing occurred,body movement was detected and the capability to follow instructions in group RF were significantly shorter than those in group SF (P <0.05).At T2 the incidence of agita-tion in group RF was significantly higher than that in group SF(P <0.05).And the hemodynamics of group SF were more stable than those of group RF (P <0.05).Conclusion Propofol combined with sufentanil can improve wake-up quality during scoliosis surgery,but the wake-up time is relatively lon-ger.

Perioperative respiratory care in severe scoliosis patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of respiratory system in severe scoliosis patients.Methods 26 severe scoliosis patients with respiratory function training before operation were retrospected.All of them tested pulmonary function before and after training,postoperative respiratory system nursing were also taken to maintain airway unobstructed,including respiratory rate and oxygen saturation monitoring,effective pain management and respiratory complications controlling.Results The average forced vital capacity(FVC)was 45.9%and 52.1%before and after breathing exercises,the mean forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was 43.8%and 48.8%before and after breathing exercises,with lung function improvement in 69.2%patients. There were two hemopneumothorax and three mild or moderate pleural effusion occurred within 10 days after surgery,but all recovered after effective treatment and nursing.Conclusions Perioperative systematic and effective training in respiratory function and airway management can improve lung function and surgical safety,reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,and promote early rehabilitation .

Escoliosis y síndrome de Prader-Willi: a propósito de 5 casos intervenidos quirúrgicamente / Escoliose e síndrome de Prader-Willi: análise de cinco casos tratados cirurgicamente / Scoliosis and Prader-Willi syndrome: review of five cases treated surgically

OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados y las complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis, en pacientes portadores del Síndrome de Prader-Willi, para verificar si se justifica este tipo de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de las fichas clínicas y radiografías de los cinco pacientes portadores del Síndrome de Prader-Willi que consultaron en el Departamento de Escoliosis entre los años 2005 y 2010, y fueron operados. RESULTADOS: La edad de la consulta inicial fue en promedio 3,6 años; el promedio de escoliosis fue 61º, el que aumentó a 65º al momento de la cirugía. El promedio de operaciones realizadas fue 2,8 por paciente, lográndose una corrección promedio de 35%. Los motivos de las reintervenciones fueron pérdida de corrección en 4 casos (28,5%), aflojamiento de ganchos en 2 (14,3%) y xifosis referente a la instrumentación en uno (7,1%) No hubo complicaciones graves. CONCLUSIONES: Aún cuando la literatura muestra autores poco proclives a indicar cirugía en este tipo de pacientes, por la elevada tasa de complicaciones graves, la ausencia de ellas en nuestro medio hace mantener válidos los mismos criterios quirúrgicos que en escoliosis idiopática.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados e as complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose em pacientes com síndrome de Prader-Willi para verificar se esse tipo de tratamento é justificado. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários clínicos e das radiografias dos cinco pacientes portadores de síndrome de Prader-Willi tratados cirurgicamente no Departamento de Escoliose entre 2005 e 2010. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes na consulta inicial foi 3,6 anos. A média de escoliose foi 61º, a qual tinha aumentado para 65º na ocasião da cirurgia. A média de cirurgias realizadas foi 2,8 por paciente, atingindo-se correção média de 35%. Os motivos das re-intervenções foram perda de correção em quatro casos (28,5%), afrouxamento dos ganchos em dois (14,3%) e cifose depois da instrumentação em um caso (7,1%). Não foram verificadas complicações graves. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo que a literatura mostre autores pouco inclinados a indicar cirurgia nesse tipo de pacientes, por causa da elevada taxa de complicações graves, a ausência dessas complicações em nossa prática valida os mesmos critérios cirúrgicos da escoliose idiopática.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results and complications of scoliosis surgery in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome to verify if this kind of treatment is justified. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical records and radiographs of five patients with Prader-Willi syndrome treated at the Department of Scoliosis between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS: The average age of patients at the first visit was 3.6 years. The average scoliosis was 61°, which increased to 65° at the time of surgery. The average number of surgeries performed per patient was 2.8, reaching an average correction of 35%. The reasons for re-interventions were correction loss in 4 cases (28.5%), loosening of hooks in two cases (14.3%), and kyphosis after instrumentation in one case (7.1%). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the literature shows authors unwilling to indicate surgery in such patients because of the high rate of severe complications, the absence of these complications in our practice validates the use of the same surgical criteria of idiopathic scoliosis.

Experiencia de prevención en salud mental pediátrica: psicoprofilaxis quirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de escoliosis / Prevention experience in pediatric mental health: surgical pychoprophylaxis in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery

El presente artículo presenta un proyecto piloto de Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica en el Departamento de Traumatología, Unidad de Escoliosis, Hospital de niños Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna. La Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica, enmarcada dentro de la psicología de la salud, tiene por objetivo apoyar al paciente que será sometido a cirugía, en el manejo de emociones, actitudes y comportamientos que se derivan de la situación quirúrgica, a través de una intervención psicoterapéutica preventiva, breve y focalizada. Se planteó una intervención psicológica para pacientes que debían ser sometidos a cirugía correctiva de escoliosis. Esta constó de 3 instancias: (a) entrevista inicial y evaluación de ansiedad, (b) intervención intrahospitalaria y (c) control postquirúrgico. En todas ellas se midió Nivel Anímico, Nivel de Actividad, Calidad del Sueño y Calidad de la Alimentación. Los resultados sugieren que si los pacientes tienen un adecuado conocimiento del proceso al cual se enfrentarán, aumentaría su sensación de control de la situación y por ende, disminuiría su ansiedad pre-quirúrgica. No obstante, no basta informar, sino que además es necesario adecuarse a las características de cada paciente al hacer entrega de la información, siendo este factor el que permitiría el cambio en los niveles de ansiedad pre-quirúrgica.

This article presents a trial scheme of surgical psychoprophylaxis in the Scoliosis Unit of the Traumatology department at “Doctor Luis Calvo Mackenna childrens” Hospital. This project arises from The surgical psychoprophylaxis is to an area within Health Psychology that aims to support the patient that will undergo surgery, by performing a brief preventive psychotherapeutic intervention that helps him/her to handle possible emotions, attitudes and behaviors that may appear as a result of the surgical experience. The intervention had three stages: (a) Initial interview and anxiety assessment (b) intra- hospital intervention (c) post surgical control. In each stage mood level was measured as well as activity level, sleep quality and feeding behavior quality. The results suggest that, if patients have adequate knowledge of the process they are going to face their feeling of control over the situation would increase and thus reduce preoperative anxiety. Nevertheless, informing is not enough but it is also necessary to adapt the delivery of information to each patient’s characteristics, for this would be the main factor that would allow changes in preoperative anxiety levels.

Escoliose idiopática do adolescente: análise do grau de correção obtido com o uso de parafusos pediculares / Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: analysis of the degree of correction obtained with pedicle screws

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de correção obtido durante o tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose idiopática do adolescente, por meio da estabilização com parafusos pediculares. Método: Entre 2006 e 2008, foram avaliados 21 pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente, os quais foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico, com seguimento médio de 2 anos. Este estudo foi feito por meio de radiografias no plano frontal com mensuração da correção da deformidade pelo método de Cobb. Foi analisada, também, a rotação da vértebra apical pós-cirúrgica através da classificação de Nash e Moe. Resultados: Foi identificada melhora média de 24,1 graus nas deformidades pós-operatórias torácicas e de 18,78 graus nas deformidades lombares. Isso reflete em uma melhora do ângulo de Cobb de 61,36% para as curvas torácicas e de 53,65% para as curvas lombares. Também foi constatada melhora de 1 grau na Classificação de Nash e Moe presente em 11 (52,38%) pacientes do estudo. Nos demais 10 (47,62%) pacientes, não houve alteração do grau de rotação pré e pós-operatório na Classificação de Nash e Moe. Conclusões: A fixação com parafusos pediculares, tanto na região lombar quanto torácica, mostrou-se um método seguro com um bom grau de correção nos três planos (sagital, coronal e rotacional).

Objective: To assess the degree of correction obtained from surgical stabilization of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with pedicle screws. Method: Between 2006 and 2008, 21 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis submitted to surgical treatment were assessed, with a mean follow-up of two years. The assessment was based on frontal plane X-rays with measurement of the deformity correction by the Cobb method. The post-surgical apical vertebra rotation was also assessed, using the Nash-Moe classification. Results: Fast postoperative improvement of 24.1 degrees for thoracic and 18.78 degrees for lumbar deformities was identified. This reflects an improvement of the Cobb angle of 61.36% for thoracic curves and 53.65% for lumbar curves. One-degree improvement of the Nash-Moe classification in 11 (52.38%) study patients was also verified. The remaining 10 (47.62%) patients showed no change in the pre and post-surgical rotation degree, in the Nash-Moe classification.áConclusion: The fixation with pedicle screws, either lumbar or thoracic, has been shown to be a safe method, resulting in a good degree of correction on the three planes (sagittal, coronal and rotational).

Anesthetic experience performing intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials during scoliosis surgery in adolescent patients: report on 7 cases: Seven cases report / 대한마취과학회지

Intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potential (MEP) is a modality for preventing spinal cord injury during spinal surgery. However, inhalation anesthetics and muscle relaxants depressing MEP responses, must be restricted for monitoring MEP. Therefore, anesthetic management needs careful attention for preventing recall and unintentional movements during surgery and special techniques for monitoring adequate MEP. We report here on 7 cases of successful intraoperative monitoring of MEP with total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil for scoliosis surgery in adolescent patients.

Anterior correction of idiopathic scoliosis using the KASS-Dual rod system / 中国矫形外科杂志

[ Objective] To analyze the clinical results of scoliosis patients treated by anterior correction surgery using the KASS (Kaneda Anterior Scoliosis System: the dual rod system). [ Method] Total 123 idiopathic scoliosis patients were treated. The patients' curve patterns by King classification were as follows:Thoracic scoliosis [ type Ⅱ (n = 13), Ⅲ (n = 18 ) , and Ⅳ (n = 16) ,total (n =47) and thoracolumbar or lumbar (TL/L) curve (n = 76)]. In all patients, anterior correction surgery within the range of the major curve was performed. The average follow-up period was 7 years 7 months (2 ～ 13 years 6 months).[ Result] Fusion was attained in all patients. Correction rates of the major curve scoliosis were 68% in thoracic scoliosis and 81%in TL/L scoliosis. In sagittal alignment, all patients restored nearly physiologic thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. Correction rates of horizontal tilt of the lowermost end vertebra were 78% in thoracic scoliosis and 83% in TL/L scoliosis. Correction rates of the apical vertebral rotation were 59% in thoracic scoliosis and 70% in TL/L scoliosis. No neurovascular and implant related complications were observed. [ Conclusion ] KASS allows excellent 3-D correction of the scoliosis and rigid enough stability to maintain the correction with a shorter fusion.